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Acne Illnesses and Conditions

Acne is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages, characterised by the presence of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and sometimes cysts or nodules. It primarily occurs on the face, chest, and back, where sebaceous (oil) glands are most active.

Symptoms of Acne

  • Whiteheads: Small, white bumps caused by clogged pores.
  • Blackheads: Open clogged pores that appear dark due to oxidation.
  • Pimples: Red, inflamed bumps that may contain pus.
  • Nodules: Large, painful lumps beneath the skin’s surface.
  • Cysts: Deep, painful pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring.

Causes of Acne

Acne develops due to multiple factors, including:

  • Excess oil production by sebaceous glands.
  • Clogged hair follicles with dead skin cells.
  • Bacterial infection, primarily by Propionibacterium acnes.
  • Hormonal changes, especially during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy.
  • Certain medications, such as steroids or lithium.
  • Genetic predisposition.
  • Lifestyle factors like stress and diet may influence acne severity.

Diagnosing Acne

Diagnosis of acne is mainly clinical, made by a healthcare provider through physical examination of the skin. In some cases, if the acne is severe or unusual, further tests may be conducted to rule out underlying conditions or hormonal imbalances.

Treatment of Acne

Treatment depends on acne severity and includes:

  • Topical treatments: Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, and antibiotics.
  • Oral medications: Antibiotics, hormonal therapies (birth control pills), and isotretinoin for severe cases.
  • Procedures: Chemical peels, laser therapy, and drainage of cysts.
  • Skincare routine: Gentle cleansing and non-comedogenic products.

Prevention of Acne

While acne cannot always be prevented, certain measures help reduce breakouts:

  • Maintain a regular skincare routine with gentle products.
  • Avoid excessive scrubbing or harsh treatments.
  • Keep hair clean and away from the face.
  • Avoid picking or squeezing pimples to prevent scarring.
  • Manage stress through relaxation techniques.
  • Follow a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
  • Consult a dermatologist for personalised advice.

Understanding acne and its management can help individuals reduce its impact and improve skin health. Early intervention and consistent care are key to controlling this common skin condition.