Reflux in Babies: Understanding the Condition
Reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common condition in babies where stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus. This happens because the muscle between the oesophagus and stomach is still developing and may not close properly. While reflux is usually harmless, it can cause discomfort and other symptoms in infants.
Symptoms of Reflux in Babies
Common symptoms of reflux include:
- Frequent spitting up or vomiting
- Irritability during or after feeding
- Coughing, gagging, or choking
- Refusal to eat or difficulty feeding
- Poor weight gain or slow growth
- Arching of the back during or after feeding
- Wet burps or hiccups
If a baby shows severe symptoms such as persistent vomiting, blood in vomit, or breathing difficulties, immediate medical attention is necessary.
Causes of Reflux
Reflux occurs due to the immaturity of the lower oesophagal sphincter (LES), the muscle valve between the oesophagus and stomach. In babies, this muscle is often weak or relaxes too frequently, allowing stomach contents to flow back. Other factors that may contribute include:
- Overfeeding or feeding too quickly
- Positioning during or after feeding
- Certain medical conditions like prematurity or neurological disorders
Diagnosing Reflux
Diagnosis is primarily based on the baby’s medical history and physical examination. Doctors may ask about feeding patterns, frequency of spitting up, and associated symptoms. In some cases, tests such as:
- pH monitoring to measure acid levels in the oesophagus
- Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series or X-rays
- Endoscopy to view the oesophagus and stomach
may be recommended to rule out other conditions or assess severity.
Treatment of Reflux in Babies
Most cases of reflux in babies improve without medical treatment by the time they are 12 to 18 months old. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving comfort:
- Feeding changes such as smaller, more frequent feedings
- Keeping the baby upright during and after feeding for 20-30 minutes
- Thickening feeds with cereal (only under a doctor’s advice)
- Avoid tight diapers or clothing that puts pressure on the stomach
In severe cases, doctors may prescribe medications to reduce stomach acid or improve motility.
Prevention of Reflux
While reflux cannot always be prevented, certain steps may reduce its frequency and severity:
- Feed the baby in an upright position
- Burp the baby frequently during and after feeding
- Avoid overfeeding and feed smaller amounts more often
- Keep the baby upright for a period after feeding
- Ensure the baby’s sleeping area is safe and slightly elevated if recommended by a paediatrician
Understanding reflux in babies helps caregivers provide appropriate care and seek medical advice when necessary. With proper management, most infants outgrow reflux without complications.
